Since the industrial revolution, and since the 20th century in particular, technologies have become closely combined with science and have developed as science-based technologies. As a result, they have greatly impacted society by promoting changes in industrial structure, transforming people’s ways of working and living, and eliciting the problems of environmental devastation and military use. In Japan, which is experiencing a severe aging era, how the development of science and technologies concerning care should be, is being discussed. In this field, how science and technologies should exist in society is studied through the methods of historical science, centering on science and technologies concerning care, in particular.